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High throughput DNA sequencing, primarily used for human DNA sequencing, can be adapted to sequencing for infectious diseases.  Just as this technology allows for the precise identification of inherited diseases or mutations in cancer, it can allow for the high resolution detection and identification of microbes in human samples.

Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) for infectious disease holds the promise of improved sensitivity and specificity when compared to culture, serologic, and PCR tests. Also, NGS can also the ability to determine optimal therapies for different infections based on genetic information.